COMPANIES ACT 2016 
“licensed business” has the meaning assigned to it in the Financial Services Act 2013 [Act 758] or the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 [Act 759], as the case may be;
A licensed business refers to a financial business that is licensed by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) under either the:

• Financial Services Act 2013 (FSA 2013) for conventional financial services; or
• Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA 2013) for Islamic financial services.

Rather than providing its own definition, the Companies Act 2016 adopts the meaning assigned under these two financial services statutes. Accordingly, whether a business is a licensed business depends on whether it has been granted the appropriate licence by Bank Negara Malaysia under the applicable legislation.
A corporation carrying on a licensed business is subject to both the Companies Act 2016 and the relevant regulatory requirements imposed under the FSA 2013 or IFSA 2013. Meaning under the Financial Services Act 2013 and Islamic Financial Services Act 2013
A licensed business generally refers to financial services conducted under a licence granted by Bank Negara Malaysia, including activities such as:

• Banking business;
• Investment banking business;
• Insurance business;
• Islamic banking business;
• Takaful business; and
• Other financial businesses requiring a licence under the applicable Act.

Only persons or corporations holding the required licence may lawfully carry on these regulated businesses. Key Characteristics of a Licensed Business
A licensed business generally:

• Is regulated by Bank Negara Malaysia;
• Requires a licence issued under the Financial Services Act 2013 or the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013;
• Is subject to ongoing prudential supervision and regulatory oversight;
• Must comply with capital adequacy, governance, risk management, and reporting requirements; and
• Is governed by both the relevant financial services legislation and, where applicable, the Companies Act 2016.

Common Examples of Licensed Businesses
Examples include:
Conventional Financial Services

• Commercial banks;
• Investment banks;
• Insurers;
• Licensed financial institutions carrying on regulated financial business.

Islamic Financial Services

• Islamic banks;
• Takaful operators;
• Islamic investment banks;
• Licensed Islamic financial institutions.

Practical Examples
Example 1 – Commercial Bank
ABC Bank Berhad holds a banking licence issued by Bank Negara Malaysia under the Financial Services Act 2013.
ABC Bank Berhad carries on a licensed business. Example 2 – Islamic Bank
XYZ Islamic Bank Berhad is licensed under the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 to conduct Islamic banking business.
The bank is carrying on a licensed business. Example 3 – Takaful Operator
A licensed takaful operator provides Shariah-compliant protection products under the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013.
Its operations constitute a licensed business. Example 4 – Insurance Company
An insurance company licensed by Bank Negara Malaysia under the Financial Services Act 2013 conducts life and general insurance business.
The company is engaged in a licensed business. Regulatory Oversight
Licensed businesses are principally supervised by Bank Negara Malaysia, which oversees matters such as:

• Licensing and authorisation;
• Corporate governance;
• Capital adequacy;
• Financial soundness;
• Risk management;
• Consumer protection;
• Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing compliance; and
• Ongoing regulatory reporting.

Compliance Requirements
A corporation carrying on a licensed business should ensure that it:

• Holds a valid licence issued under the applicable legislation;
• Complies with the Financial Services Act 2013 or the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013;
• Adheres to all regulatory directions, standards, and guidelines issued by Bank Negara Malaysia;
• Maintains adequate governance, internal controls, and risk management systems; and
• Complies with its obligations under the Companies Act 2016, where applicable.

Importance
The definition of "licensed business" ensures consistency between the Companies Act 2016, the Financial Services Act 2013, and the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013. By incorporating the definitions from these specialised financial services laws, the Companies Act recognises the distinct regulatory framework governing licensed financial institutions. This promotes effective supervision by Bank Negara Malaysia, safeguards the stability of Malaysia's financial system, and ensures that corporations engaged in regulated financial activities comply with both corporate and financial services legislation.    
 

《2016 年公司法》

“持牌业务”（Licensed Business） 具有《2013 年金融服务法令》（Financial Services Act 2013 [Act 758]）或《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》（Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 [Act 759]）所赋予该词的涵义（视情况而定）。

持牌业务（Licensed Business） 是指依据以下法令，由**马来西亚国家银行（Bank Negara Malaysia，BNM）**发出牌照后方可经营的金融业务：

• 《2013 年金融服务法令》（Financial Services Act 2013，简称 FSA 2013），适用于传统金融服务（Conventional Financial Services）；或
• 《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》（Islamic Financial Services Act 2013，简称 IFSA 2013），适用于伊斯兰金融服务（Islamic Financial Services）。

《2016 年公司法》本身并没有对**“持牌业务”**作出独立定义，而是直接采用上述两部金融法令所规定的定义。

因此，一项业务是否属于持牌业务，取决于该业务是否已根据适用法令取得**马来西亚国家银行（BNM）**签发的有效牌照。

凡经营持牌业务的公司，除须遵守《2016 年公司法》外，同时亦须遵守《2013 年金融服务法令》或《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》所规定的监管要求。

《2013 年金融服务法令》及《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》下的定义（Meaning under the Financial Services Act 2013 and Islamic Financial Services Act 2013）

一般而言，持牌业务是指依据马来西亚国家银行签发的牌照经营的金融业务，包括但不限于：

• 银行业务（Banking Business）；
• 投资银行业务（Investment Banking Business）；
• 保险业务（Insurance Business）；
• 伊斯兰银行业务（Islamic Banking Business）；
• 伊斯兰保险（Takaful）业务；以及
• 根据适用法令须取得牌照方可经营的其他金融业务。

只有已取得所需牌照的个人或公司，方可合法经营上述受监管金融业务。

持牌业务的主要特点（Key Characteristics of a Licensed Business）

持牌业务一般具有以下特点：

• 受马来西亚国家银行（BNM）监管；
• 必须依据《2013 年金融服务法令》或《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》取得有效牌照；
• 持续接受审慎监管（Prudential Supervision）及监管机构监督；
• 须符合资本充足率、公司治理、风险管理及监管申报等要求；以及
• 同时受适用金融法令及《2016 年公司法》规管（如适用）。

常见的持牌业务（Common Examples of Licensed Businesses）

一、传统金融服务（Conventional Financial Services）

包括：

• 商业银行（Commercial Banks）；
• 投资银行（Investment Banks）；
• 保险公司（Insurers）；以及
• 从事受监管金融业务的持牌金融机构（Licensed Financial Institutions）。

二、伊斯兰金融服务（Islamic Financial Services）

包括：

• 伊斯兰银行（Islamic Banks）；
• 伊斯兰保险（Takaful）营运机构（Takaful Operators）；
• 伊斯兰投资银行（Islamic Investment Banks）；以及
• 持牌伊斯兰金融机构（Licensed Islamic Financial Institutions）。

实务示例（Practical Examples）

例子一：商业银行（Commercial Bank）

ABC Bank Berhad 根据《2013 年金融服务法令》获得马来西亚国家银行签发的银行牌照。

因此，ABC Bank Berhad 所经营的业务属于持牌业务（Licensed Business）。

例子二：伊斯兰银行（Islamic Bank）

XYZ Islamic Bank Berhad 根据《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》取得牌照，从事伊斯兰银行业务。

因此，该银行经营的是持牌业务。

例子三：伊斯兰保险机构（Takaful Operator）

某持牌伊斯兰保险营运机构依据《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》提供符合伊斯兰教法的保障产品。

其经营活动属于持牌业务。

例子四：保险公司（Insurance Company）

某保险公司依据《2013 年金融服务法令》获得马来西亚国家银行发出的保险牌照，从事人寿保险及一般保险业务。

因此，该公司经营的是持牌业务。

监管机构（Regulatory Oversight）

持牌业务主要由**马来西亚国家银行（Bank Negara Malaysia，BNM）**负责监管，其监管范围包括：

• 发牌及授权（Licensing and Authorisation）；
• 公司治理（Corporate Governance）；
• 资本充足率（Capital Adequacy）；
• 财务稳健性（Financial Soundness）；
• 风险管理（Risk Management）；
• 消费者保障（Consumer Protection）；
• 反洗钱及反恐融资（AML/CFT）合规；以及
• 持续性的监管申报（Ongoing Regulatory Reporting）。

合规要求（Compliance Requirements）

经营持牌业务的公司应确保：

• 持有根据适用法令签发的有效牌照；
• 遵守《2013 年金融服务法令》或《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》的规定；
• 遵循马来西亚国家银行发布的所有监管指令、标准及指引；
• 建立完善的公司治理、内部控制及风险管理制度；以及
• 在适用情况下，履行《2016 年公司法》规定的各项法定义务。

重要性（Importance）

“持牌业务（Licensed Business）” 的定义确保《2016 年公司法》、《2013 年金融服务法令》及《2013 年伊斯兰金融服务法令》三者之间保持一致的法律衔接。

《2016 年公司法》透过直接引用金融服务法令中的定义，确认受监管金融机构适用一套专门的金融监管制度，而非仅适用一般公司法。

这一制度的重要意义包括：

• 确保传统金融及伊斯兰金融机构均受到统一而专业的监管；
• 加强马来西亚国家银行对金融机构的有效监督；
• 维护马来西亚金融体系的稳健、安全及稳定发展；
• 保障存款人、保单持有人、投资者及社会公众的权益；以及
• 确保从事受监管金融业务的公司同时遵守公司法及金融服务法的规定，提升金融市场的透明度、公信力及国际竞争力。