What is the difference between “source of wealth” and “source of funds”? “财富来源(Source of Wealth)”与“资金来源(Source of Funds)”有什么区别?

What is the difference between “source of wealth” and “source of funds”? “财富来源(Source of Wealth)”与“资金来源(Source of Funds)”有什么区别?

What is the difference between “source of wealth” and “source of funds”?

Answer:
Information on the source of wealth and source of funds are good sources of monitoring for the company secretaries.

“Source of wealth” refers to the source of a person’s total assets. Documents and information that may reflect the source of wealth of a person include inheritance document, property title, copies of trust deeds, audited accounts, salary details, tax returns and bank statements. It may be possible to gather general information from commercial databases or other open sources.

“Source of funds”, on the other hand, refers to the origin of a specific asset used in connection to the business relations with the company secretary, including amount invested, deposited or wired. Source of funds may be determined through enquiry on the customer, complemented by documents such as record of salary payments or receipt of sale proceeds, etc.

In the case of PEPs, both information on the source of wealth and source of funds are to be obtained.

Understanding both the source of wealth and source of funds of a PEP is also necessary for on-going due diligence purposes where the aim is to ensure that the reason for the business relationship between company secretaries, and the PEP and the transactions undertaken on the PEP’s behalf, are commensurate with what one could reasonably expect from that PEP, given his/her particular circumstances.

 

“财富来源(Source of Wealth)”与“资金来源(Source of Funds)”有什么区别?

答案:

对于公司秘书而言,了解客户的财富来源(Source of Wealth)及资金来源(Source of Funds),是 AML/CFT(反洗黑钱及反恐融资)监控工作的重要组成部分。

虽然两者经常被同时提及,但其涵义并不相同。

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📌 什么是财富来源(Source of Wealth)?

**财富来源(Source of Wealth)**是指:

👉 一个人整体财富或资产是如何累积而来的。

换言之,是解释客户为何拥有现有资产、财富或净资产。

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常见财富来源例子

例如:

• 企业经营收入

• 长期投资收益

• 房地产投资

• 股票投资收益

• 家族财富继承

• 信托受益权

• 高级管理职位收入

• 出售企业所得

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可作为财富来源证明的文件

包括但不限于

• 遗产继承文件(Inheritance Documents)

• 房地产产权文件(Property Title)

• 信托契约(Trust Deeds)

• 经审计财务报表(Audited Accounts)

• 薪资证明(Salary Details)

• 所得税申报表(Tax Returns)

• 银行月结单(Bank Statements)

此外,也可通过:

• 商业数据库(Commercial Databases)

• 公开资料(Open Sources)

获取相关背景信息。

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📌 什么是资金来源(Source of Funds)?

**资金来源(Source of Funds)**是指:

👉 用于某项特定交易或业务关系的资金来自哪里。

重点在于:

• 本次投资的钱从哪里来?

• 本次汇款的钱从哪里来?

• 本次注资的钱从哪里来?

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常见资金来源例子

例如:

• 工资收入

• 出售房产所得

• 出售股票所得

• 银行贷款

• 公司利润分派

• 股东注资

• 个人储蓄

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可作为资金来源证明的文件

包括:

• 薪资发放记录(Salary Records)

• 银行转账记录(Bank Transfer Records)

• 房产出售文件

• 股权出售协议

• 收款凭证(Receipt of Sale Proceeds)

• 银行对账单(Bank Statements)

 

📌 实际案例

例子 1

客户拥有:

RM20,000,000 净资产

其财富来源可能是:

多年经营集团公司所得

这属于

👉 Source of Wealth

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例子 2

客户投资:

RM500,000 认购公司股份

该 RM500,000 来自:

出售一间物业所得

这属于:

👉 Source of Funds

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📌 PEP(政治公众人物)的特别要求

对于 PEP(Politically Exposed Person):

公司秘书必须取得:

财富来源(Source of Wealth)

资金来源(Source of Funds)

两者资料。

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为什么 PEP 需要双重审查?

因为:

PEP 具有较高的洗黑钱及贪污风险。

公司秘书需要确保:

• 客户整体财富来源合理;

• 本次交易资金来源合理;

• 业务关系与客户身份相符;

• 交易活动与客户背景相称。

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📌 持续尽职调查(Ongoing Due Diligence)

对于 PEP,

了解其财富来源及资金来源不仅适用于开户或建立业务关系时。

公司秘书还应持续监控:

• 后续交易活动;

• 资金流向;

• 财富变化情况;

以确保交易行为符合其身份、背景及经济状况。

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总结

财富来源(Source of Wealth)是指客户整体财富如何累积形成,例如企业经营、投资或继承所得;而资金来源(Source of Funds)则是指某项特定交易、投资或付款所使用资金的直接来源。对于一般客户,公司秘书仅在高风险情况下才需要获取相关资料;而对于政治公众人物(PEP),则必须同时取得财富来源及资金来源资料,并作为持续尽职调查的重要组成部分。