COMPANIES ACT 2016
“foreign company” means—
(a) a company, corporation, society, association or other body incorporated outside Malaysia; or
(b) an unincorporated society, association or other body which under the law of its place of origin may sue or be sued, or hold property in the name of the secretary or other officer of the body or association duly appointed for that purpose and which does not have its head office or principal place of business in Malaysia;
A foreign company is an entity that is established or organised outside Malaysia and is recognised as having legal capacity under the laws of its country of origin.
Under the Companies Act 2016, a foreign company may either be:
- An incorporated entity established under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction; or
- An unincorporated organisation that is recognised under the law of its place of origin as having the legal capacity to sue or be sued, or to own property through an authorised officer.
The entity must not have its head office or principal place of business in Malaysia to fall within this definition.
Types of Foreign Companies
A foreign company may include:
1. Incorporated Foreign Entity
An entity that has been legally incorporated outside Malaysia, such as:
- Foreign private limited companies;
- Public companies;
- Corporations;
- Foreign government-owned corporations;
- Limited liability companies (LLCs);
- Foreign incorporated associations.
2. Unincorporated Foreign Entity
An organisation that is not incorporated but is recognised under its local law as having legal capacity to:
- Sue or be sued;
- Hold property through its secretary or another authorised officer; and
- Conduct its affairs as a legal body.
Examples may include:
- Professional associations;
- Foreign societies;
- Clubs;
- Trade associations; or
- Certain non-profit organisations recognised under foreign law.
Key Characteristics
A foreign company generally:
- Is established outside Malaysia;
- Is governed by the laws of its country of incorporation or origin;
- Has its head office or principal place of business outside Malaysia;
- May register to carry on business in Malaysia in accordance with the Companies Act 2016 where required; and
- Remains subject to certain provisions of the Companies Act 2016 when conducting business in Malaysia.
Practical Examples
Example 1 – Singapore Company
ABC Pte. Ltd. is incorporated in Singapore and intends to establish a branch office in Kuala Lumpur.
ABC Pte. Ltd. is a foreign company because it is incorporated outside Malaysia.
Example 2 – United States LLC
XYZ LLC is incorporated in the United States and provides software services to Malaysian customers.
If it carries on business in Malaysia, it is regarded as a foreign company under the Companies Act 2016.
Example 3 – Hong Kong Corporation
Global Trading Limited is incorporated in Hong Kong and registers with the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) to establish a place of business in Malaysia.
The company remains a foreign company, notwithstanding its registration in Malaysia.
Example 4 – Foreign Association
An engineering association established under the laws of Australia is not incorporated but may sue and own property through its secretary under Australian law.
As its principal place of business is outside Malaysia, it falls within the definition of a foreign company under paragraph (b).
Registration Requirements
A foreign company intending to carry on business in Malaysia is generally required to:
- Register with the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) under the Companies Act 2016;
- Appoint at least one authorised person resident in Malaysia where required by law;
- Lodge the prescribed statutory documents;
- Maintain a registered office in Malaysia for its registered branch; and
- Comply with the ongoing reporting and filing obligations applicable to registered foreign companies.
Compliance Requirements
A registered foreign company should ensure that it:
- Complies with the Companies Act 2016;
- Maintains proper accounting and statutory records where required;
- Lodges annual returns and other prescribed documents with SSM;
- Notifies SSM of changes to its corporate particulars;
- Maintains an authorised representative in Malaysia where required; and
- Complies with all applicable Malaysian laws governing its business activities.
Importance
The definition of a foreign company establishes the legal framework for overseas entities carrying on business in Malaysia. It ensures that foreign companies are properly identified, registered where required, and subject to the appropriate regulatory oversight under the Companies Act 2016. This promotes transparency, protects creditors and stakeholders, and facilitates international trade and investment while ensuring compliance with Malaysian corporate law.
《2016 年公司法》
外国公司(Foreign Company)
定义(Definition)
“外国公司”(Foreign Company) 是指:
(a) 在马来西亚境外注册成立的公司(Company)、法人团体(Corporation)、社团(Society)、协会(Association)或其他组织;或
(b) 虽然未经注册成立(Unincorporated),但根据其成立地法律,具有以下法律能力的社团、协会或其他组织:
- 可以自己的名义提起诉讼或被起诉;或
- 可由依法获委任的秘书(Secretary)或其他高级人员(Officer)以该组织名义持有财产;
且其总部(Head Office)或主要营业地点(Principal Place of Business)并不设于马来西亚。
实务说明(Practical Explanation)
外国公司(Foreign Company) 是指依据外国法律成立或组织,并根据其成立地法律具有法律人格或法律行为能力的实体。
根据《2016 年公司法》,外国公司可分为以下两类:
- **在外国依法注册成立的法人实体(Incorporated Foreign Entity);**或
- 虽未经注册成立,但根据成立地法律具有法律资格的非法人组织(Unincorporated Foreign Entity)。
无论属于哪一种类别,其总部或主要营业地点均不得设于马来西亚,方符合《2016 年公司法》所定义的外国公司。
外国公司的类别(Types of Foreign Companies)
1. 已注册成立的外国法人(Incorporated Foreign Entity)
指依据外国法律正式注册成立的法人实体,例如:
- 外国私人有限公司(Foreign Private Limited Company);
- 外国公众有限公司(Public Company);
- 法人团体(Corporation);
- 外国政府拥有的法人机构(Government-Owned Corporation);
- 有限责任公司(Limited Liability Company,LLC);以及
- 于外国注册成立的协会(Foreign Incorporated Association)。
2. 未注册成立的外国组织(Unincorporated Foreign Entity)
指虽未经公司注册成立,但依据其成立地法律具有以下法律能力的组织:
- 可以提起诉讼或被起诉;
- 可由秘书或其他获授权人员以组织名义持有财产;以及
- 能够依法管理及经营其事务。
例如:
- 专业协会(Professional Associations);
- 外国社团(Foreign Societies);
- 俱乐部(Clubs);
- 行业协会(Trade Associations);以及
- 根据外国法律成立的若干非营利组织(Non-Profit Organisations)。
外国公司的主要特点(Key Characteristics)
外国公司一般具有以下特点:
- 于马来西亚境外成立;
- 受其成立地国家或地区法律规管;
- 总部或主要营业地点设于马来西亚境外;
- 如拟于马来西亚经营业务,须依法根据《2016 年公司法》办理注册(如适用);以及
- 在马来西亚经营业务期间,须遵守《2016 年公司法》的相关规定。
实务示例(Practical Examples)
例子一:新加坡公司(Singapore Company)
ABC Pte. Ltd. 于新加坡注册成立,并计划在吉隆坡设立分公司。
由于该公司是在马来西亚境外成立,因此属于《2016 年公司法》所定义的外国公司(Foreign Company)。
例子二:美国有限责任公司(United States LLC)
XYZ LLC 于美国注册成立,并向马来西亚客户提供软件服务。
如该公司于马来西亚开展业务,则根据《2016 年公司法》,属于外国公司。
例子三:香港公司(Hong Kong Corporation)
Global Trading Limited 于香港注册成立,并向马来西亚公司委员会(SSM)注册设立营业地点。
即使完成外国公司注册,该公司仍属于外国公司,并不会因注册而成为马来西亚本地公司。
例子四:外国协会(Foreign Association)
澳大利亚某工程师协会依据澳大利亚法律成立,虽然未经公司注册成立,但依法可由秘书代表持有财产及进行诉讼。
由于其主要营业地点位于马来西亚境外,因此符合《2016 年公司法》第 (b) 段所规定的外国公司定义。
注册要求(Registration Requirements)
拟于马来西亚经营业务的外国公司,一般须:
- 根据《2016 年公司法》向马来西亚公司委员会(SSM)注册为外国公司;
- 按法律规定委任至少一名居住于马来西亚的授权代表(Authorised Person);
- 提交法定申请文件及其他规定资料;
- 在马来西亚设立注册办事处(Registered Office);以及
- 持续履行外国公司应遵守的法定申报及合规责任。
合规要求(Compliance Requirements)
已注册的外国公司应确保:
- 遵守《2016 年公司法》的相关规定;
- 按规定保存会计记录及法定公司记录;
- 按时向 SSM 提交年度申报表(Annual Return)及其他法定文件;
- 公司资料发生变更时及时通知 SSM;
- 按规定持续委任马来西亚授权代表;以及
- 遵守所有适用于其经营活动的马来西亚法律及监管要求。
重要性(Importance)
外国公司(Foreign Company) 的定义建立了海外企业在马来西亚开展业务的法律基础。
该定义的重要作用包括:
- 明确识别哪些境外实体属于《2016 年公司法》所规管的外国公司;
- 确保外国公司在马来西亚经营业务前依法办理注册(如适用);
- 建立适当的企业监管机制,提高企业透明度;
- 保障债权人、投资者及其他利益相关者的权益;
- 促进国际贸易及跨境投资的发展;以及
- 确保外国公司在马来西亚经营期间遵守《2016 年公司法》及其他适用法律,维护公平、有序及健全的商业环境。