Understanding Knee Osteoarthritis: Progression and Modern Treatments

Dealing with knee osteoarthritis can be challenging, and knowing the stages and treatment options available can help you make informed decisions about managing this condition. As a medical professional specializing in stem cell and PRP therapies for knee osteoarthritis, I’m here to guide you through the different stages of this condition and the treatments available at each stage. Additionally, I’ll introduce you to the promising world of stem cell and PRP therapies that are emerging as innovative solutions.

When should you start suspecting that you are having knee osteoarthritis?

Stages of Knee Osteoarthritis from X Ray Grading:

Classification
Numerous variations of the Kellgren and Lawrence classification system have been used in research. Below is the original description:

• Grade 0 (none): Definite absence of x-ray changes of osteoarthritis
• Grade 1 (doubtful): Doubtful joint space narrowing and possible osteophytic lipping
• Grade 2 (minimal): Definite osteophytes and possible joint space narrowing
• Grade 3 (moderate): Moderate multiple osteophytes, definite narrowing of joint space and some sclerosis and possible deformity of bone ends
• Grade 4 (severe): Large osteophytes, marked narrowing of joint space, severe sclerosis and definite deformity of bone ends

Osteoarthritis is deemed present at grade 2 although of minimal severity.

Traditional Treatment Suggested at Each Stage

Stage 1: Early Osteoarthritis

In the early stages, you might experience occasional discomfort or mild pain. X-rays might show minor changes in the joint, indicating the beginning of degeneration. Here’s what you can expect in terms of treatment:

• Lifestyle changes: Focus on maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in low-impact exercises to reduce stress on your knee.
• Physical therapy: Strengthen the muscles around your knee to provide better support for the joint.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: Non-prescription medications can help manage occasional pain and inflammation.

Stage 2: Mild Osteoarthritis

As the condition progresses, you might start to feel pain during physical activities. X-rays could reveal further narrowing of the joint space. The following treatments are typically considered:

• Continued physical therapy: Regular exercises to keep your joint flexible and muscles strong.
• Prescription pain relievers: Stronger medications prescribed by your doctor to manage pain and inflammation.
• Corticosteroid injections: Injections to provide temporary relief by reducing pain and inflammation. (Personally, I do not endorse this treatment due to side effects.)

Stage 3: Moderate Osteoarthritis

In this stage, the joint space continues to narrow, causing more frequent pain and discomfort. Daily activities might become more challenging. Your treatment options include:

• Hyaluronic acid injections: These injections help lubricate the joint, improving mobility and reducing pain.
• Assistive devices: Braces or canes can help support your joint and alleviate stress.
• Alternative Therapies: Some individuals find relief through acupuncture and other alternative approaches

Stage 4: Severe Osteoarthritis

At this advanced stage, the joint space significantly reduces, leading to chronic pain and limited mobility. The main treatment option is:

• Total knee replacement surgery: In cases where other treatments no longer provide relief, this surgical procedure replaces the damaged joint with an artificial one.
• Post-surgery physical therapy: Rehabilitation exercises after surgery helps you regain strength and movement.

Regenerative Medicine: The Promise of Stem Cell and PRP Therapies

Beyond traditional treatments, stem cell and PRP therapies are emerging as exciting options for managing knee osteoarthritis. These therapies utilize your body’s natural healing mechanisms to provide relief and potentially slow down the progression of this condition.

• Stem cell therapy involves harvesting stem cells from the Wharton’s jelly of umbilical cords during childbirth. These stem cells have the potential to promote tissue repair and rejuvenation.
• PRP therapy uses the healing components from your own blood to reduce inflammation and support tissue healing. Both therapies are minimally invasive and can be considered for various stages of knee osteoarthritis.