Common Name: American Guinea Pig
Scientific Name: Cavia porcellus (domesticated guinea pig species)
Breed Group: Smooth-coated breeds
Origin: South America (ancient domestication by the Inca ~5,000–7,000 years ago); breed standardized in North America
Popularity: Most common guinea pig breed kept as a pet worldwide
Size: 20–25 cm (8–10 in)
Weight: 700–1,200 g (1.5–2.6 lbs)
Build: Sturdy, compact body with a broad head and short muzzle
Coat:
Short, smooth, and straight fur (easy to maintain)
Can come in almost any color or pattern, including solid, bicolor, tricolor, roan, and agouti
Lifespan: 5–7 years (sometimes up to 8 with excellent care)
Activity: Crepuscular (most active at dawn and dusk)
Personality: Friendly, gentle, vocal, and social—ideal for families and children
Social Needs: Thrive in pairs or small groups (keeping them alone can lead to stress and loneliness)
Communication: Wide range of sounds—“wheeks” (excited squeals), “purrs” (contentment), “chutters” (exploration), and “rumbles” (dominance or mating behavior)
Grooming Needs: Very low compared to long-haired breeds; occasional brushing is enough
Type: Strict herbivores
Staple Diet:
Unlimited high-quality hay (timothy, orchard grass)
Fresh vegetables daily (leafy greens, bell pepper, carrot, cucumber, etc.)
Guinea pig pellets fortified with Vitamin C (essential, since guinea pigs cannot produce their own)
Supplements: Vitamin C-rich foods like bell peppers, kale, parsley, and small amounts of fruit (orange, kiwi, strawberry)
Avoid: Iceberg lettuce, potatoes, onions, chocolate, and processed foods
Maturity: 2–3 months old
Gestation Period: 59–72 days (long for rodents)
Litter Size: 2–4 pups (can be up to 6)
Young: Born fully furred, eyes open, and able to eat solid food within days (precocial)
