Common Name: American Guinea Pig
Scientific Name: Cavia porcellus
Breed Group: Smooth-coated breeds
Origin: Descended from wild cavies of South America (domesticated ~5,000–7,000 years ago by the Inca); breed standardized in North America and Europe
Recognition: Oldest recognized breed by guinea pig associations (ACBA, ARBA, etc.)
Popularity: The most common guinea pig breed kept as a pet
Size: 20–25 cm (8–10 in)
Weight: 700–1,200 g (1.5–2.6 lbs)
Build: Compact, sturdy body with a smooth profile
Coat:
Short, sleek, and straight
Very easy to maintain compared to long-haired breeds
Comes in a wide range of colors and patterns (solid, bicolor, tricolor, agouti, brindle, roan, dalmatian, etc.)
Lifespan: 5–7 years (some live up to 8+)
Personality: Friendly, calm, and gentle—ideal for families and first-time guinea pig owners
Temperament: Easy to handle, less energetic than Abyssinians, more laid-back than long-haired breeds
Social Needs: Very social—happiest when kept in pairs or groups (never should be housed alone)
Communication: Known for being vocal—“wheeks” for food, “purrs” when content, “rumbles” during dominance or mating displays
Grooming Needs: Very low—occasional brushing to remove loose fur
Type: Strict herbivores
Staple Diet:
Unlimited hay (timothy or orchard grass)
Daily fresh vegetables (leafy greens, bell peppers, cucumber, carrot, etc.)
Guinea pig pellets fortified with Vitamin C
Vitamin C Needs: Essential (20–30 mg/day) to prevent scurvy
Treats: Small amounts of fruit (apple, orange, strawberry, kiwi)
Maturity: 2–3 months old
Gestation Period: 59–72 days
Litter Size: 2–4 pups (sometimes up to 6)
Young: Born precocial—fully furred, eyes open, able to eat solid food within hours
