Cancer often develops silently. Many people feel completely well in the early stages, with no warning symptoms and normal routine blood tests. By the time symptoms appear, treatment can become more complex.
Multi-Cancer Early Detection (MCED) using circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is a new approach to cancer screening that aims to detect cancer signals earlier, sometimes even before symptoms develop. This advanced blood test is now available in Malaysia and is designed to complement existing cancer screening methods.
Early cancer detection is closely linked to better outcomes. When cancer is found early, treatment options are often more effective and less aggressive.
However, not all cancers have routine screening programmes. Some cancers are only discovered once they cause noticeable symptoms, which may already indicate a later stage. This gap in screening is where MCED testing plays a role.
The MCED ctDNA test is a non-invasive blood test that looks for circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream.
As cancer cells grow, they release small fragments of DNA with unique genetic patterns. These fragments can sometimes be detected before a tumour becomes visible on scans or causes symptoms.
Using advanced sequencing technology, the MCED test helps doctors to:
Detect early cancer-related DNA signals
Screen for multiple cancers at the same time
Identify individuals who may need further investigations
It is important to understand that MCED is a screening test, not a diagnostic test. Results must always be interpreted by a doctor.
This MCED test screens for 10 common cancers, many of which are frequently seen in Malaysia and across Asia:
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Colorectal cancer
Stomach (gastric) cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Ovarian cancer
Endometrial (uterine) cancer
Head and neck cancer
Oesophageal cancer
Uro-biliary tract cancer (liver and bile ducts)
By covering multiple cancer types in a single blood test, MCED offers a broader screening approach compared to traditional single-organ tests.
Traditional tumour markers, such as CEA or CA-125, are proteins that can rise for many reasons, including non-cancerous conditions like inflammation or benign disease. They are often non-specific and usually focus on one cancer type.
MCED ctDNA testing is different because it looks for cancer-specific DNA signals, rather than indirect markers. This provides more targeted biological information and helps guide further evaluation more accurately.
MCED screening may be suitable for individuals who want a proactive approach to cancer detection, especially if you:
Are aged 40 years and above
Have a family history of cancer
Smoke or consume alcohol regularly
Have chronic liver disease (such as hepatitis B or C)
Want more comprehensive screening beyond routine blood tests
Live in Johor Bahru or travel from Singapore for health screening
Even individuals without symptoms may consider MCED as part of an advanced health check.
The process is simple and convenient:
A blood sample is taken at the clinic
The sample is sent to a specialised laboratory
ctDNA is analysed using advanced sequencing technology
Results are typically available within 14–20 working days
A doctor reviews and explains the results, and advises on next steps
Doctor consultation is an important part of the MCED screening process to ensure accurate interpretation.
A negative result means that no cancer-related ctDNA was detected at the time of testing. This does not guarantee that cancer will never develop, and routine cancer screening should still continue as recommended.
A positive result means that cancer-related DNA signals were detected. The report may suggest a possible tissue of origin. Further confirmation with imaging tests or specialist referral is usually recommended.
A positive MCED result does not confirm a cancer diagnosis. It indicates the need for further evaluation.
Like all screening tests, MCED has limitations:
It only screens for the cancers included in the test panel
Very small or early tumours may not release detectable ctDNA
False positives and false negatives can occur
It does not replace mammograms, Pap smears, colonoscopy, or other guideline-recommended screenings
MCED works best as a complement to existing screening, not a replacement.
For individuals in Malaysia, particularly those in Johor Bahru and surrounding areas, MCED ctDNA testing offers an additional option for early cancer screening using a simple blood test.
When combined with proper medical consultation and follow-up, MCED screening can help identify potential concerns earlier, when intervention may be more effective.
If you are considering advanced cancer screening or would like to know whether MCED is suitable for you, speak to a doctor for personalised advice.
Is the MCED test a cancer diagnosis?
No. MCED is a screening test. A positive result means further tests may be needed to confirm the findings.
How accurate is the MCED ctDNA test?
Clinical studies show high specificity, meaning false positives are uncommon. However, no screening test is 100% accurate.
Can this test replace mammograms or Pap smears?
No. MCED complements routine screening but does not replace mammograms, Pap smears, colonoscopy, or other recommended tests.
How often should MCED screening be done?
For individuals aged 40 and above or those at higher risk, annual screening may be considered after discussion with a doctor.
Is the test suitable for people without symptoms?
Yes. MCED is designed for individuals who feel well but want proactive early cancer screening.
Can Singapore residents do this test in Johor Bahru?
Yes. Many Singapore residents choose to undergo MCED screening in Johor Bahru as part of cross-border health screening.
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